Goldrush for biogenic CO2

Development Activity

• Vault 44.01 / Cardinal Ethanol Joint Venture permitted ‘OCP CCS1’ - drilling imminent

• DTE submits 2nd Class VI application for Poet ethanol’s Portland facility

• Conestoga Energy Submits Class VI Permit in Kansas

• California Resource Corporation / Carbon TerraVault permits Victoria Island stratigraphic well (C-1)

DTE partners with Poet ethanol’s Portland facility

• The company submitted their 2nd Class VI permit that intends to sequester CO2 from POET's Portland ethanol facility

• The ethanol facility is estimated to have 270,000 metric tons of biogenic CO2.

• DTE's first Indiana project was in Cass County to sequester ethanol emissions from Marathon Petroleum's ethanol joint venture.

• DTE may also be planning 2 more CCS projects with Poet

Conestoga Energy Submits Class VI Permit in Kansas

• Conestoga Energy has submitted a Class VI carbon capture and sequestration permit application to EPA Region 7, the first tied to a completed well in the region

• The application follows completion of a well (Doll 1) near its Bonanza BioEnergy facility in Garden City, Kansas

• The well is designed to sequester up to 800,000 metric tons of CO₂ annually, including 150,000 tons from Conestoga’s ethanol operations and 650,000 tons from third parties

• Located just five miles from existing EOR operations, the site allows flexibility to direct CO2 to permanent storage or enhanced oil recovery

Frontier partners with Gevo and Verity for CCUS by rail

• Frontier launches Granger Carbon Terminal (GCT) is a new CO₂ transload hub in Wyoming will connect rail and truck deliveries to the Sweetwater Hub for permanent sequestration

• Phase I capacity of 500,000 tCO₂/year by 2027, expandable to 2 million tons based on demand

• Partnership with Union Pacific Railroad underpins Frontier’s “Stack to Sequestration” carbon-by-rail solution

• Ethanol producers, led by Midwestern Renewable Energy, have committed as anchor customers, ensuring quicker and more cost-efficient access to low-carbon fuel markets

• Frontier and Gevo (Verity) have partnered to launch North America’s first fully integrated carbon management platform for ethanol producers, offering end-to-end solutions from capture to sequestration and tax credit monetization

Charm Industrial begins operations in Louisiana

• Charm is converting an abandoned oil & gas well in central Louisiana into a bio-oil injection site for long-term carbon removal.

• The injected bio-oil is produced from forestry and agricultural residues, intended to remain stable underground and prevent CO₂ release.

• This repurposing of idle wells adds ~500,000 metric tons of carbon removal capacity in Louisiana, expanding Charm’s operations in CA, CO, and KS.

• The project uses an approved Class V injection permit and has engaged regulators and community stakeholders to ensure safety and site integrity.

• Repsol to build its first large-scale 100MW hydrogen plant in Cartagena, Spain

• Normod Carbon To Build $294M CO2 Hub At Port Of Grenaa, Denmark

• HIF Haru Oni e-Fuels facility in Chile is the first facility outside the EU to receive certification for Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO) and the first facility worldwide to achieve this certification for the production of e-Gasoline.

• TotalEnergies farms down stake to SCHWENK’s CarbonVault

• Republican-led House Bill ‘BECCS Advancement 5 Commission Act of 2025’ seeks to position bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) as a cornerstone of U.S. climate and energy policy

• OXCCU raises $27mm to develop second demonstration plant, OX2